To dissociate a choice from its antecedent neural states, motivation associated with the expected outcome must be captured in the absence of here choice.Yet, the neural mechanisms that mediate behavioral idiosyncrasies in motivation, particularly with regard to complex economic preferences, are rarely examined in situations without overt decisions.

read more Fish farming activities in recent years, many shows water quality conditions do not support fish life are maintained optimally and decreases the carrying capacity, one DO and pH parameters.As a remedial action is carried out either by probiotic bacteria One commonly used in the application of probiotics is Lactobacillus spp.Gram positive

Pot experiments were conducted to study the variation and physiological regulation of transpiration efficiency (TE) of four winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties that are widely grown in different ecological regions in North China.Plants were grown under two soil moisture regimes, normal and drought stress.The results showed that under drou

The artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) sector offers a supplementary livelihood strategy to agriculture in northern Ghana, acting as a source of capital to support agriculture.However, the sector has been associated with poise pads in bulk several adverse environmental and socio-economic consequences, making its sustainability dimensions extrem

Structural disorder has been shown to be responsible for profound changes of the interaction-energy landscapes and collective dynamics of two-dimensional (2D) magnetic nanostructures.Weakly-disordered 2D ensembles have a few particularly stable magnetic configurations with large basins of attraction from which the higher-energy metastable configura